Wyświetl Nr 12 (2016)

Nr 12 (2016)

ISSN:
1895-247X
eISSN:
2657-3571

Data publikacji:
2016-11-30

Dział: Studia

Sonderdienst w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie

Peter Black

redakcja@holocaustresearch.pl

doktor, senior historian i dyrektor pionu w Muzeum Pamięci Holokaustu w Waszyngtonie od 1997 do 2015 r., tj. do przejścia na emeryturę. W latach 1978–1997 historyk, a od 1986 r. główny historyk Biura Dochodzeń Specjalnych Wydziału Kryminalnego Departamentu Sprawiedliwości Stanów Zjednoczonych. Wykładał na George Mason University, Uniwersytecie Katolickim, Uniwersytecie Amerykańskim i Uniwersytecie Columbia. Opublikował m.in. Ernst Kaltenbrunner: Ideological Soldier of the Third Reich (1984), a w ostatnich latach takie artykuły, jak: Foot Soldiers of the Final Solution: The Trawniki Training Camp and Operation Reinhard („Holocaust and Genocide Studies” 2011, t. 25, nr 1; Indigenous Collaboration in the Government General: The Case of the Sonder- dienst (w tomie Constructing Nationalities in East Central Europe, 2004; SS-Gefolge als Akteure im nationalsozialistischen Zwangslagern und Tötungszentren des Generalgouvernements (w tomie Nationalsozialistische Zwangslager: Struk- turen und Regionen, Täter und Opfer, 2011); wkrótce ukaże się Racial Theory and Realities of Conquest in the Occupied East: The Nazi Leadership and Non-German Nationals in the SS and Police (w tomie The Waffen-SS: A European History, 2016, wraz z Martinem Gutmanem).

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum w Waszyngtonie

Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, Nr 12 (2016), strony: 91-118

Data publikacji: 2016-11-30

https://doi.org/10.32927/ZZSiM.409

Abstrakt

The Sonderdienst (Special Service) was an enforcement agency developed by German SS and Police authorities, specifically in the Lublin District of the so called Government General (central and southeastern German-occupied Poland) to assist in enforcing German occupation ordinances in the cities and particularly in the countryside, where lack of police personnel, ignorance of local conditions, and perceived fear of partisan attack discouraged a direct German police presence. After February 1941, the SS and Police relinquished control over the Sonderdienst to the German civilian occupation authorities. Under civilian authority, the Sonderdienst was deployed at the Kreis level, under command of the so-called German Stadt- and Kreishauptmänner in detachments of approximately 30 men to carry out administrative enforcement activities when the civilian authorities were unable to count or SS and police support. This article examines how the Sonderdienst highlights the dependence of German administration in the Government General on locally recruited auxiliaries, particularly in the countryside. The Sonderdienst was conceived, developed, expanded, and deployed within the context of a bitter battle between German civilian authorities and the SS/police apparatus over control of local executive police power. This is hardly new; yet the Government General is unusual in that the German civilian authorities were able to fight the SS to a draw on this issue. Since its formation followed the recruitment of the “ethnic” and ideological “cream” of the ethnic German population of occupied Poland into agencies such as the Selbstschutz, and the Waffen SS, the Sonderdienst represents an early effort of the National Socialist authorities to fashion an ethnically conscious and ideologically committed corps from young men of questionable, even dubious, German ancestry and heritage. Finally, this study reveals not only the complicity of the civilian authorities in Nazi crimes, but the link in German-occupied Poland between “routine” administrative duties, such as collecting fines for ordinance violations, and the brutal persecution and annihilation of groups targeted as enemies of the German Reich, such as the Polish Jews. Civilian administrators and SS and police authorities shared the “National Socialist consensus” in occupied Poland. They wanted to annihilate the Jews and the Polish intelligentsia, to exploit the labor potential of the Polish masses, and to turn the Government General into a region of German settlement. As a part of this vision, the Sonderdienst was to serve not only as a police executive, but as a political and cultural steppingstone to full acceptance into the German “racial community.” There is no question that, even in “routine” duties, the Sonderdienst participated, more or less willingly, in the implementation of the most evil racist policies of the National Socialist regime.

Altmetryki

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Statystyki

Black, P. (2016). Sonderdienst w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie. Zagłada Żydów. Studia I Materiały, (12), 91-118. https://doi.org/10.32927/ZZSiM.409

Udostępnij

                            Wyświetl Nr 12 (2016)

Nr 12 (2016)

ISSN:
1895-247X
eISSN:
2657-3571

Data publikacji:
2016-11-30

Dział: Studia